In the past, domestic telescopic wheel loader often used No. 3 or No. 4 calcium-based grease. Now this grease can no longer meet the requirements of loaders working under various climate conditions (high or low temperature, humid and watery, etc.). Since lithium-based grease has many excellent properties, its oil change cycle is about 2 times longer than calcium-based grease, so now loaders often use lithium-based grease. The oils commonly used in loaders mainly include engine oil, engine diesel, torque converter/transmission oil (hydraulic transmission oil), drive axle oil, hydraulic oil used in hydraulic systems, and grease used for various hinge pins. Correct selection and use of these oils are of great significance to maintaining the normal operation of various systems, reducing wear, and extending the service life of the machine.

1. Engine oil: 1. Viscosity grade and quality grade: The oil viscosity grade widely used internationally is the SAE (American Society of Automotive Engineers) grade standard, such as SAE5W40 or SAE15W40W means winter. The smaller the number in front of it, the thinner the viscosity of the oil, the better the fluidity, and the better the protection of the engine during cold start. The number after W is an indicator of the oil's high temperature resistance. The larger the number, the better the oil's protection performance at high temperatures. The higher the viscosity of the oil, the higher the resistance to the moving system. It not only consumes power and increases fuel consumption, but also the oil is easily oxidized, affecting the protection during cold start. (Generally, API is used.) The grade represents the classification of engine oil quality. A simple code is used to describe the working ability of the engine oil. For diesel engines used in construction machinery such as front end wheel loader, the oil quality grade ranges from "SA to SL. The later the letter, the higher the quality grade. With each increase in the letter, the performance of the oil is better than the previous one. The oil contains more additives to protect the engine. The national diesel engine oil viscosity grade and quality grade standard GB111221997 equivalently adopts the above standard. 2 Selection of diesel engine oil: For loader diesel engines with harsh working conditions and heavy workloads, it is recommended to use CD grade oil. CD grade SAE20W40 is used in the south and CD grade SAE5W30 or 10 is recommended in the north. W30 Some imported engines require the use of CECF and above oils, for example, Cummins engines require the use of CF4 or above oils.

2. Engine diesel: Generally, diesel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5% is used. If the sulfur content is high, the oil change cycle will be shortened. Generally, loader diesel uses light diesel specified in GB2521994, which is suitable for high-speed diesel engines with full-load speeds of more than 1000rmin.

3. Torque converter/transmission oil (hydraulic transmission oil):

1 Functions of hydraulic transmission oil:

① Hydraulic transmission oil is the medium for energy transmission of the hydraulic torque converter.

② Lubricating oil for gears and bearings of the transmission.

③ As hydraulic oil for the friction clutch of the transmission.

④ As coolant for the torque converter and transmission.

2 Fluid Selection of hydraulic transmission oil: The normal working temperature of hydraulic transmission oil is between 82~95℃, sometimes up to about 120℃. Because there are special requirements for hydraulic transmission oil, there is no national standard to specify its quality grade and viscosity requirements. Generally, loaders use hydraulic transmission oil No. 6 hydraulic transmission oil and No. 8 hydraulic transmission oil.

4. Drive axle oil: 1. Gear oil: The national vehicle gear oil quality classification standard GB7631.7~95 is divided into three types of CLCCL, CLE and CLE according to the API quality grade classification, among which CLE is equivalent to GL~5 grade in the API classification. It is recommended to use CLE grade gear oil for general loader drive axle. 2. Drive axle brake oil (brake oil): loader drive axle brake oil (non-full hydraulic brake) generally adopts GB12981 □91, the HZY3 synthetic brake fluid is equivalent to the SAE1703C oil specified in API.

5. Hydraulic oil: Viscosity is an important performance indicator of hydraulic oil, because the lower the viscosity, the smaller the power loss and the higher the mechanical efficiency; and the lower the viscosity, the lower the volumetric efficiency, so the optimal viscosity meets the requirements of minimum wear of bearings and hydraulic pumps, and low temperature performance should also be considered. Domestic hydraulic oil generally selects mineral oil type and synthetic hydrocarbon type hydraulic oil specified in GB11118.1□94. Due to the harsh working conditions of loaders, heavy workloads, and high hydraulic oil temperatures, high-grade anti-wear hydraulic oil L□HM32 and L□HM46 models are generally used. Low-condensation hydraulic oil L□HV32 and L□HV46 models are recommended under low temperature conditions.

6. Grease: A multi-purpose grease used abroad, containing 1%□5% molybdenum disulfide, and it is also a suitable anti-corrosion agent. This grease is suitable for various hinge pins, spherical bearings, swing frame bearings, transmission shafts, etc., and has a wide range of uses. This grease must be a high-grade lithium-based and E. P. The mixture of additives has the characteristics of stable chemical properties, no hardening, no leakage or dripping in the whole working range. Generally, grease No. 1 or No. 2 specified by NLGI (American Lubricating Grease Institute) is used, which has a wide temperature range and is suitable for very low temperature occasions.